Article 33 — Equality and Non-Discrimination

1. 1.

   All persons are equal before the law and are entitled to equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination.

2. 2.

   No person shall be discriminated against on the basis of:

   1. race, colour, ethnicity, or national origin
   2. sex, gender, or sexual orientation
   3. religion or belief
   4. language
   5. political or other opinion
   6. social origin or economic status
   7. disability or health status
   8. age
   9. any other status.
3. 3.

   Discrimination means any distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference based on prohibited grounds that has the purpose or effect of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise of rights on an equal footing.

4. 4.

   Differential treatment is not discriminatory if it:

   1. pursues a legitimate aim
   2. is objectively and reasonably justified
   3. is proportionate to the aim pursued.
5. 5.

   Temporary special measures adopted to overcome the effects of past discrimination do not constitute discrimination and are expressly permitted.

6. 6.

   Equality between nationals and foreigners is not required where differential treatment is objectively justified by nationality or status under the laws of the State, but all persons are entitled to fundamental human rights regardless of nationality.

7. 7.

   Men and women have equal rights in all spheres of civil, political, economic, social, and cultural life. Laws and practices that discriminate against women are prohibited.

8. 8.

   The State may adopt measures to advance equality and to address the effects of past discrimination.

9. 9.

   This Article does not affect the special status of the Royal House or the constitutional position of the Sovereign as established in Article 8 and Article 15.