Article 32 — Natural Rights and Freedoms

1. 1.

   Every person possesses dignity and natural rights that shall be respected by all authorities and all persons within the jurisdiction of Kaharagia.

2. 2.

   Natural rights and freedoms include:

   1. the right to life, liberty, and security of person
   2. freedom from torture, cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment
   3. freedom of thought, conscience, and religion
   4. freedom of expression and opinion
   5. freedom of peaceful assembly and association
   6. the right to privacy and family life
   7. the right to own, use, and dispose of property
   8. freedom of movement and choice of residence, including within any territory of the State, when established
   9. the right of unimpeded access to the institutions, registers, and services of the State, and the right to enter, leave, and return to any territory of the State, when established.
3. 3.

   These rights are not absolute and may be limited by law where necessary to protect:

   1. the rights and freedoms of others
   2. public order, public health, or public morals
   3. national security or public safety
   4. the administration of justice.
4. 4.

   Any limitation on natural rights must be:

   1. prescribed by law with sufficient clarity and precision
   2. necessary and proportionate to achieve a legitimate aim
   3. no more restrictive than required to achieve that aim
   4. applied without discrimination.
5. 5.

   The following rights may never be suspended or limited, even in times of emergency:

   1. the right to life
   2. freedom from torture and inhuman treatment
   3. freedom from slavery and forced labour
   4. the principle of legality in criminal law
   5. freedom of thought and conscience.
6. 6.

   These natural rights bind all organs of State, including legislative, executive, and judicial authorities, in the exercise of their functions.

7. 7.

   Every person whose rights have been violated has the right to an effective remedy before a competent authority, notwithstanding that the violation was committed by persons acting in an official capacity.

8. 8.

   Nothing in this Article derogates from the sovereign prerogatives established in Article 5, Article 8, and Article 15, which are exercised in accordance with constitutional traditions and with due regard for the natural rights of persons.